Typographical equipment



Sept. 12, 1939.

J. E. PARKER TYPOGRAPHICAL EQUIPMENT Filed July 18, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Sept. 12, 1939. .1 E. PARKER TYPOGRPHICAL EQUIPMENT Filed July 18, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 lll Sept. 12, 1939. J E, PARKER 2,173,025

TYPOGRAPHI CAL EQUI PMENT Filed July 18, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 f C e d? l INVENOR.

Patented Sept. 12, 1939 UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE TYPOGRAPHICAL EQUIPMENT James Edward Parker,v Washington,v D. C. Application July 18, 1936, Serial N0. 91,398

Claims.

This invention relates broadly to the art of typography and more particularly to methods and apparatus to be employed in the art of typography involving new and useful improvements i in typographical equipment including associated furniture, form assembly locking and/or retaining members, chases and quoins of improved types such as illustrated and described in my application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 687,720 filed August 31, 1933, and allowed December 31, 1935. To the extent that the disclosure of this present application is common to said application Serial No. 687,720, this present application is a continuation in part thereof.

In my application`referenced above (Serial No. 687,720) I have described details of typographical equipment including furniture, which may be placed in any desired position about a type form assembly and which may constitute in effect a chase with side and end members adjustable laterally so that the elements of the assembly may be held with any desired degree of security against movement, two pieces of the furniture being so shaped as to constitutein effect a quoin i with a guard or intervening member disposed in the open spaces betweenthe sections comprising the quoin-like member Vso as to prevent a change in the relative position of the two halves of a quoin which would lessen to a detrimental degree the preferred or desired pressure exerted thereby on the type form assembly.

It is well known in the art that adjustable chases and chases of various kinds with a plurality of quoins are employed to exert pressure in such directions as to hold a type form assembly in position within a chase, and that type furniture is interposed between the quoins and the type form assembly. It is well known also that a plurality of type form assemblies may be located within one chase, the type form assemblies being separated one from another by furniture therebetween. The furniture surrounding a type form assembly may itself constitute or function as a chase so that there may well be 1. in effect a plurality of smaller chases or subchases within a'larger chase.

In some instances type furniture surrounding a type form assembly may constitute the chase and this chase locked in the press rather than in a larger chase as is exemplified in presses well known to the art, such as in the Writerpress (reference U. S. Letters Patent 1,015,256) and its associated equipment. In the larger designs of presses such as the Writerpress, chases may be placed side by side within the press. Thus the (ol. 10i- 394) practicability of Vutilizing a plurality of type form assemblies in smaller chases, sub-chases, or sections Within a larger chase or directly in the press proper can be easily visualized without further description being considered necessary.

Quoins can be used within a small or sub-chase for'locking the type form assembly therein and quoins can also Vbe used'at the same time for locking the smallV chases or sub-chases within a larger chase in accordance with established practice. The sides of chases or sub-chases may be made up of sections so shaped as to function as quoins.

To change the position of a form within a chase or within a sub-chase structure as described, it is customary to remove the case from the press, if a jobor platen press, loosen the quoins, rearrange 'the spacing equipment, the furniture and the type matter, and then reset the quoins and/or the form assembly locking members. The same procedure is followed in the case of cylinder presses with the exception of removing the chase.

It is notan infrequent occurrence for chases to be sprung or broken during this operation, especially when it is necessary for the halves of the quoins `to be Vtightly engaged and retained, usually by the considerablei'pressure exerted by one half of the quoin upon its other half, in such manner as to render quoins and associated elements of the assembly incapable of movement or of becoming loose during the process of printing, more particularly when used in connection with high speed reciprocating printing presses such as those known to the trade as the Multicolor press, the Multipress, etc. The pressure exerted by the quoins in this way operates to cause damage to equipment in many instances and, as explained in my referenced application (Serial No. 687,720) aforementioned, does not always accomplish the desired object of retaining the elements of a type form in a fixed position one to the other or, if permitting the elements a free predetermined vertical movement, of preventing the spacing equipmentA of a type form from assuming a position within the plane of the printing surface of the character type. Excessive pressure exerted by the quoins thus reacts to a disadvantage, especially in chases constructed of non-rigid material such as the wooden furniture employed in the fabrication of the chase-like and quoin-like components used in the press known to the trade as the Wrterpress and similar equipment. In order to prevent damage to the equipment, the pressure exerted by the quoins may be insufficient to retain the quoins, the form locking or retaining members and/or associated elements in the desired position although it may be sufficient otherwise for the purposes intended.

The difficulty encountered with quoins, form assembly locking or retaining members and/or adjustable chases and the like, when employed in the customary manner and exerting a pressure greater than actually required for a particular application but necessary to retain the elements in the desired position during the process of printing can be readily recognized, especially when it is desired to enjoy the objects of my invention illustrated and described in my heretofore referenced application (Serial No. 687,720).

It is a paramount requirement in the art of printing that character type units, which include those elements of a type form assembly from which an impression is intended to be made during the process of printing, be retained in the proper position for obtaining preferred impression effects. Character type units may be adjacent to one another, such as when character type units are grouped or assembled to make up a yword in a line or when character type units of one line are in direct contact with character type units of another line as in closeset matter. Character type units may be separated by space type units such as when a space type unit is used between character type units to make up separated words or between character and space type units in different lines such as in spaced or leaded matter. 'Therefore space type units include those elements of a type form assembly from which no impression is intended to be made during the process of printing. In some instances character and space type units may, in effect, be in permanent contact such as prevails in the product of machines known in the art as linotypes, in line cuts, in half tones and the like, any of which can be used singly or in combination one with the other or with individual character type units and individual space type units in the fabrication of a type form assembly.

A type form assembly is usually surrounded by furniture, the type form assembly with the furniture placed within a chase or chase section and quoins placed between furniture surl rounding the type form assembly (usually on two sides thereof) and furniture in contact with the sides of the chase, the quoins serving to lock all of the elements within the chase so that none of the elements are capable of individual movement. This requires that the quoins exert great pressure which as stated before can react to a disadvantage and which at times will not accomplish the desired effects.

As stated in my referenced application (Serial No. 687,720) the elements within the chase can be locked so that none of the elements are capable of individual movement so that some of the elements, where desired, may be permitted free individual longitudinal movement to a predetermined degree without requiring the quoins to exert such great pressure while preferred impression effects may be obtained from the type form assembly and its associated furniture and elements within the chase; a method being shown for preventing the quoins from exerting a lesser degree of pressure during the process of printing.

It is not necessary that the pressure exerted upon a type form assembly be derived from quoins, as the furniture surrounding the type form assembly may be interlocked in such manner (as exemplified in the Writerpress equipment referred to) that the furniture on the opposite sides of the type form assembly may be brought together so as to exert pressure on the type form assembly therebetween, the furniture serving in effect as a chase, or as a sub-chase within a chase. The furniture within a chase may thus be utilized to form common sides of subchases and Ithis furniture may be sectionalized so as to permit, by removing sections thereof, adjacent type form assemblies to be brought in closer relationship one to another. The sectionalized furniture may be so shaped that each section thereof may approach the form of one half of a quoin so that the adjacent type form assemblies referred to may be brought into closer relationship to one another or more greatly separated one from the oth'er by merely changing the position of the sections of the furniture surrounding the type form assemblies while maintaining the same degree of pressure upon the type form assemblies, thus lessening the chance of spilling the form and eliminating the requirement that elements be removed and relocated to accomplish the desired results.

The present methods, means, structural designs and apparatus have been devised and developed to overcome in a practical and readily applicable manner the defects, disadvantages and difficulties referred to above; to utilize to advantage inherently characteristic tendencies of pressure exerting members to lessen the pressure exerted; to permit elements of typographical equipment to be utilized and employed in the customary manner if desired; to provide new and novel methods and means for effectively retaining quoins, form locking and retaining members, other elements, furniture and the like in desired positions with a reduction in pressure exerted if desired; to prevent damage of equipment occasioned by greater pressures heretofore necessary to counteract deficiencies existing in combinations of such elements particularly when associated with a plurality of type form assemblies especially when such assemblies contain a multiplicity of lrelatively small individual units; to provide elements which incorporate provisions for using and employing the new and novel means and methods referred to and for continuing the application of the concept as and when desired so that they can be fabricated and locked up in the customary manner thc same as standard typographical equipment and in combination with such standard typographical equipment.

This invention therefore consists substantially in the method and apparatus, the concepts pertaining thereto., and the construction, combination, arrangement and employmentof typographical equipment associated with a type form assemby for the practice of my invention, as will be more fully set forth hereinafter, represented in the accompanying drawings and finally pointed out in the appended claims. While I have described my invention in certain of its preferred embodiments, I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other than are imposed by the scope of the appended claims.

It is one of the objects of my invention to provide means for obtaining and retaining any preferred degree of pressure upon lines of type and type equipment associated therewith in a type 'form assembly or in a plurality of type form assemblies in combination.

- It is an object of my invention to provide means for locking and retaining elements associated with a type form assembly or of a plurality ofsuch assemblies in the desired position with respect to one another or, if desired to enjoy the objects of my invention referred to above (application Serial No. 687,720), with the pressure exerted by the chase, sub-chase, quoins and/or type form assembly locking or retaining members being just suflicient for the purposes desired.

It is afurther object of my invention to provde means for readily changing the relative position of a type form assembly or of a plurality of such assemblies within a chase, subchase, quoins, and/or type form assembly locking or retaining members.

Other and further objects of my invention will be understood from the specification hereinafter following by reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters have been used to indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views and in which Figure 1 illustrates chase-like form locking or retaining typographical equipment partly fragmentary, containing quoin-like form locking or retaining equipment with associated elongated guard or intervening member, and with a fragmentary portion of a type form assembly imposed or arranged therein.

l Figure 2 illustrates a modification of Figure 1.

vFigure 3 illustrates a detail. perspective of a form locking or retaining member.

' `Figure 4 illustrates a detail of elongated guard or intervening member.

Figure 5 illustrates-a plan View showing a plurality of type form assemblies in association with my improved typographical equipment.

Figure 6 illustrates a sectional view taken on the line 6 5 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 illustrates a plan View showing my improved form locking or retaining vtypographical equipment associated with a plurality of type form assemblies with guard or intervening member common to equipment associated with each assembly.

Figure 8 illustrates a plan view showin-g a fragmentary portion of my improved typographif cal equipment, for locking or retaining one type form assembly, associated with such equipment for locking or retaining another type form assembly, with guard or intervening members disposed therebetween.

Figure 9 illustrates a plan fragmentary View of my improved typographical equipment in chase-like, quoin-like form with elongated guard or intervening member associated therewith.

Figure 10 illustrates various applications of recesses.

In the drawings, I have illustrated typographical equipment typical of that employing invention and in the following description I shall describe the same as applicable to at-bed typography wherein character type of standard height (i. e., approximately 0.9186 between feet and face), standard engravings, plates, linotype, linecuts, half tones, etc. areV employed in a type form assembly associated with standard quoins, chases, furniture and other standard elements such as are arranged or imposed within chases in combination with type form assemblies-and wherein lateral contact of the units of the type form assembly and of the said standard and/or locking means such as by quoins, adjustable chases and the like are depended upon to effectively join (usually immovably) all such units and elements collectively in the proper manner as for printing; but it is to be understood that modications thereof may be made to adapt the same to typographical equipment other than that of the specific shapes shown such as thatused in rotating, revolving and reciprocating machines without departing from the spirit of my invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.

In Figure 1, I show chase-like fabricated typographical equipment comprising end member I, two side members 2 and 3, respectively, shown in part, quoin-like fabricated typographical equipment comprising element 4, two sections thereof 5 and 5, respectively, each section 5 and 6 having a type recesses at 1, 8, 9 and I9, with elongated guard or intervening member II disposed in a type recesses at 'I and 3, a spacing element I2, and fragmentary portion of a type form assembly I3.

In Figure 2, I show the typographical equipment and elongated guard or intervening member of Figure 1, including additional elements and a portion of a type form assembly, in the same general relative positions but in modified form, such as the modified form of end member I in which are a type recesses at I4 and I5, of side members 2 and 3, respectively, in which are a type recessesat I6 and II and b type recesses at I8, of element 4 made up of modied sections 5 and 6, these sections containing b type recesses at 'l and a type recesses at 8, 9 and I with elongated guard of intervening member I I disposed in the b type recesses at I and in the a type recesses at 8, of spacing element I2 and additional elements *I9 and 2l) having a type recesses therein at ZI and of a fragmentary portion of a type form assembly I3.

In Figure 3, I show a detail of quoin-like typographical equipment element 4 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 with the two sections 5 and 6, respectively, separated, with b type recesses at 'I and a type recesses at 8, 9 and I9 in each separated section and B, respectively.

In Figure 4, I show a detail of a typical elongated guard and/or intervening member II.

In Figure 5, I show in combination a plurality of quoin-like fabricated tyographical equipment comprising elements 4 each consisting of two sections 5 and 6 and chase-like fabricated typographical equipment comprising end members. I and side members 2 and 3 respectively, side member 2 being adjustable with respect to end mem- .bers I and si-de member 3, with a plurality of type form assemblies I3 imposed or arranged therein with associated spacing elements I2; the sections 5 and 5, the members I, 2 and 3, the spacing elements I2 having a and b type recesses therein, and members I, 2 and 3 having screws 22 and springs 23 associated therewith.

In Figure 6, I 4show a cross-section view of Figure 5 taken on line I-i in which end member I, locking or retaining member 4, sections 5 and 6 thereof, type form assembly I3 (partially), and elongated guard or intervening members II not in evidence from inspection of Figure 5, are indicated.

In Figure 7, I show in combination a plurality of typographical equipment elements fabricated to form a plurality of chase-like structures each with, side and end members, each strucelements and also pressure exerted by clampingl ture containing additional typographical equipment elements in quoin-like and spacer-like forms associated with type form assemblies as heretofore shown, and c type recesses at 24 and d type recesses at 25 in side and end members, and elongated guard or intervening members II associated with the two adjacent chase-like structures and imposed in c type recesses at 24.

In Figure 8, I show in combination a plurality of typographical equipment elements, fabricated to form a plurality of chase-like structures (each partial), including end members I and side members Z and 3, side member 2 of one chase-like structure being adjacent to side member 3 of the other structure, side members 2 and 3 having b type recesses at I6 and a type recesses at Il, the b type recess at I6 in combination forming in effect d type recesses between members 2 and 3, with elongated guard or intervening members II disposed in the b type recesses at I6 and engaging the a type recesses at II.

In Figure 9, I show in combination a plurality of typographical equipment elements, fabricated to form a plurality of chase-like structures (each partial) including end members I and side members 2 and 3; side members 2 and 3 of the chase-like structures being adjacent and shaped to function as a quoin-like structure; with elongated guard or intervening member II disposed in l2 type recesses at IS and engaging a type recesses at Il of members 2 and 3.

In Figure 10, I show a detail of a, b, c and d type recesses.

Referring to Figure 1, the form locking or retaining typographical equipment element 4 is made up of two similar sections 5 and 6, each section containing recesses at 'I, 8, 9 and I0 of the type shown sectionally in Figure l at (1. Hereinafter a recess of the type shown sectionally in Figure l0 at a will be referred t0 as a type recess. The a type recesses at 'I, 8, 9 and It), Figure l, are so positioned as to register, adjacent a type recesses at 'I combining to form a closed conduit-like passage capable of accommodating elongated guard or intervening member II which may be bent to engage a type recesses at 8 of sections 5 and 6. The sections and may be so positioned as to have a type recesses at 9 of sections 5 and 6 adjacent, the closed conduit-like passage formed by the c type recesses at 9 of adjacent sections 5 and 6 likewise being capable of accommodating the elongated member II which similarly bent will engage a type recesses of sections 5 and 6 at 8.

Referring to Figure 2, the form locking or retaining typographical equipment element 4 is similar to element 4 of Figure l, sections 5 and 6 of Figure 2 being practically the same as sections 5 and 6 of Figure 1 but containing recesses at l of the type shown sectionally in Figure l0 at b. Hereinafter a recess of the type shown sectionally in Figure l0 at b will be referred to as b type recess. The adjacent b type recesses at 'I of sections 5 and 6 of Figure 2 are also positioned so as to register combining to form an open trench-like passage similar to the type shown sectionally in Figure 10 at d, such d type passage also being capable of accommodating elongated guard or intervening member II and additionally facilitating its placement, disposal, etc. As in Figure 1, elongated member II may too be bent to engage a type recesses at t of sections 5 and 6. The said sections, 5 and 6 of Figure 2, may be so positioned as to have a type recesses at 9 of sections 5 and 6 adjacent and capable of accommodating elongated member II and so that the b type recesses at 'I of said sections are at the outer side or edge of element 4.

Form locking or retaining typographical equipment, element 4 of Figures 1 and 2, may be comprised of sections such as section 5 of Figure 1 and section 6 of Figure 2 (or section 6 of Figure 1 and section 5 of Figure 2) in combination; with a type and b type recesses, adjacent at l in each of the respective sections 5 and 6, forming a semi-open conduit-like (or semi-closed trench-like) passage for accommodating elongated member II in the manner specified above.

Referring to Figure 3, showing sections 5 and 6 of element 4 separated, each section has a type recesses at 'I and b type recesses at 8, 9 and II), a type and b type recesses being located at the upper part as well as at the lower part of each section 5 and 6. Additional sections such as 5 or 6 may be associated with sections 5 and/or 6 shown, and a type form assembly I3 may be arranged or imposed between the said shown sections. "b type recesses may be at l and a type recesses may be at 8, 9 and II] of sections such as 5 or 6 if desired. Additional sections such as 5 or 6 or such sections in combination comprising elements 4 may be set to an angle and associated with said shown sections 5 and 6 as described above.

Referring to Figure 4, the typical elongated guard or intervening member I I can be bent to a Z form as shown. Such members I I can be bent to a U form, made up to an I form, or otherwise shaped for any desired application within the a" type, b type and/or other types of recesses in the typographical equipment.

Referring to Figure 5, typographical equipment elements are fabricated so as to form an adjustable chase-like structure composed of end members I and side members 2 and 3; quoin-like structures comprised of sections 5 and 6 combining to form elements 4; furniture-like structure spacing elements I2; small chase-like or subchase structures composed of spacing elements in combination with sections 5 and 6; and spacing elements I2 in combination; and type form assemblies I3, in several representative positions and of several kinds; with the small chase-like or sub-chase structures within the larger chase-like structure. The larger chaselike structure, comprised of end members I and side members 2 and v3, is similar to the chase-like structure shown and described in U. S. Letters Patent 1,000,315 (Writerpress chase) and may or may not include the bed-plate associated therewith; with the additional feature of having recesses of the a, b, c and/or d types therein. The types of chase-like structures shown in Figure 5, and in the other gures, are descriptive but not restrictive and are intended to indicate types of chase-like structure which can be used to incorporate the principles of this invention by the inclusion therein of recesses of the types described; it being understood that otherkinds of adjustable or xed chase-like structures can be employed without departing from the spirit and intent of this invention or the scope of the appended claims. The same conditions apply to the quoin-like and furniture-like structures, shown in this and the other figures, oi which there are many kinds well known to the art. It is to be understood furthermore that it is within the scope of this invention and `of the appended claims to provide means within typographical equipment elements, members, structures, etc. associated with a typeform assembly whereby a type form assembly may be locked in position and/or retained in place and the principles of my invention of my application Serial No. 687,720 may be fully enjoyed; such as the provision in the form locking and/or retaining typographical equipment elements, members, structures, etc. for the accommodation of guard or intervening members when desired, and the association therewith of type form assemblies of the kind described in said application (Serial 687,720). The arrangement of the typographical equipment elements, members, structures, etc. shown in Figure is also descriptive but not restrictive, it being evident that other arrangements may be used and that substitution of elements, members, and structures may be made or utilized, (such as employing furniture-like spacer vlits where quoin-like elements are shown, lling the entire space within the chase-like structure with a type form assembly; and the like), without departing from the spirit of this invention or limiting the scope of the appended claims.

Referring to Figure 6, typographical equipment element I is a typical cross-section of end members I and/or side members 2 or 3. As will be evident from examination of Figure 5, a type recesses may be substituted for b type recesses in said members, especially as at I5 of member I and I8 of members 2 and 3 in Figure 2. It will be noted that in member I of Figure 6 I have shown a type recesses at I4 which may be utilized to accommodate elongated guard or intervening members II in part as and when desired. The b type recess in member I (at which optionally may be an a type recess in lieu thereof) adjacent to and in connection with the a type recess in section 5 of element 4 may also accommodate an elongated member II. In the adjacent bi type recesses (upper) of sections 5 and 6 (which in combination form a d type recess) is easily disposable an elongated member I I. An elongated member I I is disposablealso in a type recess of section 6 and adjacent recess in associated type form assembly I3 partially shown and including type-slug, type-bar, reglet, quad, space or any type assembly unit in contact with section 6. It should be noted that the a type recesses in the typographical equipment elements may be constructed so as to be employed as keyways or keyseats wherein an elongated member II disposed therein may function as a, fkey ,A for the purpose of joining the typographical equipment elements immovably without resorting to excessive lateral pressure to so lock the elements together. With a key and keyseat combination it is evident that it is immaterial insofar as the typographical equipment elements about a type form assembly is concerned whether the form locking and/ or retaining members exert an excessively great or a comparatively light degree of pressure to in effect lock the ele- 1 ments together into a rigid structure such as customarily used in the art of printing. If desired, the a type recesses in the typographical equipment elements may be constructed so that the elements although not-permitted lateral movement,

. may be permitted a predetermind amount of movement in the direction parallel to the surfaces in contact with each other, the movement being limited by the elongated guard or intervening member disposed-in adjacent a type recesses. Thus it is clearly evident that the typographical ment elements themselves may be permitted latitude of movement in like direction as the units of the type form assembly without affecting the purpose they are intended to serve and without said elements causing interference in the process of printing.

Referring to Figure 7, form locking and/or retaining typographical equipment elements I, 2 and 3 are fabricated to form two chase-like structures in. association, elongated guard or intervening members il being capable of being disposed as shown in the c type recessesv located at 24 in side members 2 and side members 3, elongated members II being common to both chaselike structures and being of a U form if desired, the ends of the members II engaging recesses I6 of the outer form locking and/or retaining members 2 and 3. Thus elongated members Il serve to preserve any desired degree of pressure on the elements 4 and I2 and the type form assemblies I3 within the chase-like structures. It should be noted that d type recessesr instead of c type recesses may be located at 24 of members 2 and 3 as shown at 25 of end members `I thus` facilitating placement ofelongated members I I.

Referring to Figure 8, two chase-like structures (each partial) comprised of elements such as elements I, 2 and 3 of Figure 7 are shown in like association but with elongated members Il disposed in recesses 6 of side members 3 and 2, the elongated members I I, in this instance being of Z form and engaging recesses I'I of end members I, thus serving not only to retain the two chase-like4 structures in a xed relation with respect to eachother but also to preserve the desired degree of pressure exerted by end members I. End members I instead of side members 3 and 2 may be adjacent, or end members I and also side members 3 and 2 maybe adjacent thus forming four chase-like structures in association. Thus any combination of chase-like structures may be readily fabricated and/or associated and elongated members `employed therewith in the man ner shown in Figure 7 and/ or the manner shown in Figure 8. With side members 2 and 3 in contact and/ or end members I in contact, thererwill then be recesses I6 and/or recesses II adjacent, these recesses I6 and II being located each near the upper edge and near the lower edge of members I, 2 and 3as shown in Figure 6 with respect to recesses I4 of end element I. One elongated element II of Figure 8 ltherefore can be disposed in the upper recessesv.(|4, I6 and/or I'I) such as in up-per recess I4 of Figure 6 so'indicated by the dotted outline of elongated member II and another elongated element II as shown in Figure 8 can be disposed inthe lower recesses (I6 and/or IT) of elements I, 2 vand 3. These said' recesses (I6 and I'I) can be of the b type facilitating placement and removal of elongated elements II as well as of the a type. Y

Referring to Figure 9, two chase-like structures (each partial) are shown inlike association as in Figure 8 and with side members 3 and 2 shaped to resemble sections 5 andq6 of quoin-like member 4 referred to inFigures 2 and 3 et al. Thus one chase-like section canbe'brought in alignment with the other section,.in the process of which the degree of pressure exerted by the typographical vequipment members .and 2 on nthe elements and type form assemblies within the chase-like structures will be increased (through the medium of the structure shown in Figure 5), and elongated member Il disposed in recesses I5 will function the same as elongated member Il disposed in recesses 'l of quoin-like member 4` shown in Figure 2.

Referring to Figure 10, four types of recess a, b, c and "11 referred to in Figures 1 to 9 inclusive are detailed.

To some extent the operation of my invention has been referred to in the foregoing description. It will be evident therefrom that employment of the typographical equipment in the usual manner if and when desired is not precluded. It is to be understood furthermore that where I have shown typographical equipment in the form of wedge-like quoins, typographical equipment in the form of parallel (screw-expanding) quoins, corresponding mechanisms made a part of frame-like structures and the like may be substituted therefor. Also, where I have shown a specific form of frame-like structure and associated elements for locking and/or retaining a type form assembly, any other form of framelike structure and any other combination of associated elements may be employed in lieu thereof, For example, referring to Figure 5, the frame-like structure may be adjustable or nonadjustable; furniture-like elements may be used instead of quoin-like elements on two sides or the type form assemblies in combination so that quoin-like elements or other locking and/or retaining means will exert pressure on two sides of each type form assembly or the type form assemblies in combination in accordance with recognized procedure; bar-like elements and the like as employed in book work and such fabrications may be utilized in lieu of the forms of typographical equipment elements which I have shown for sectionalizing purposes; and other alternate arrangements well-known to the art and more or less complicated than the arrangements illustrated may likewise comprise the combination of typographical equipment structures, elements and members for locking and/or retaining type form assemblies, singly or severally, in a position suitable in all respects for printing purposes.

It should be noted, also, that my method does not require the use of any element of typographical equipment which demands that any other element associated with it be of special form to accommodate it, such as by reason of protruding parts, i. e., lips, lugs, tongues, etc.; and also that my method does not preclude the possibility of the use of standard forms of typographical equipment structures, elements and members such as standard frame-like structures (including chases and the like), furniture-like elements (including bars and the like), form-locking members (including quoins and the like), etc. Therefore, my concept embodies the idea of providing means (in whole or in part in typographical equipment positioned about a type form assembly, and as where and when required or deemed desirable) for overcoming deficiencies in typographical equipment customarily to be placed about a type form assembly which are accumulative from repeated use or other reasons and also deciencies in fabrications thereof due to the human element; these deciencies being overcome in a simple, economical, practicable and logical manner without requiring departure from accepted and established teachings.

As an example of the teachings of my concept; a type form assembly may be set up and surrounded with elements of' either standard form or of the form illustrated in my invention without regard to which form is employed, should only a short run be contemplated; or if a difficult or long run is anticipated which, due to the nature of the stock, the class of output or time element involved, demands a perfect fabrication for press work purposes, the structure, elcments, members, etc., may be of the form similar to that shown herein in whole or to the extent considered necessary so that the combination may be afforded protection entirely or where required against casualties which commonly occur even after the greatest care has been exercised to prevent the same which heretofore have occurred when the customary methods commonly employed in the art are followed; or in case it is necessary by reason of material shortage or other reasons to use in part in the combination standard form of typographical equipment, then attention need be concentrated on that portion of the combination wherein such standard equipment is employed, to ascertain that it is pro eriy positioned thus permitting during the run attention to be concentrated on that standard equipment to assure that it is functioning as intended without requiring the other portions of the combination to be thus watched.

In View of the foregoing, a detailed explanation of the fabrication of typographical equipment elements within or in connection with frame-like (chase-like) structures, singly or in combination, for locking and/or retaining typeform assemblies in suitable position for printing purposes is not deemed necessary as no change from the usual procedure practiced by and well known to those versed in the art is required. In the illustrations, therefore, such combinations as heretofore have been considered impractical are shown as now being practical of employment. (Applications of my methods and concepts to combinations at present held practical, being merely simplifications in the arrangement of parts illustrated and being self-evident, accordingly have not been illustrated; it being understood however that such applications may easily be incorporated in and made a part of this invention and thus be within the scope of the appended claims.)

It is considered suicient, therefore, to refer merely to the fact that it is customary rst to engage typographical equipment elements and members in a frame-like structure in slight con tact about a type form assembly; next to plane the form to effect proper seating of all type units, etc.; and then nally to securely lock the entire combination to obtain tightness and rigidity of all parts in association.

It is the nal step which requires the exercise of great care even if all equipment structures, elements and members, as well as the type form assembly units, are not in any way deficient with respect to their dimensions. Since typographical equipment (such as chase-like, frame-like structures, quoin-like members and furniture-like elements) are used over and over again, it is evident that they will not remain true as to their dimensions with the result that regardless of how carefully the entire combination may be finally locked, there is no assurance that the combination as finally locked up will be entirely suitable for printing purposes especially on long or dinicult runs. My invention therefore compensates for such dimensional defects the existence of which are hard to detect in the final lock-up and the overcoming of which has required heretofore pressures considerably greater than necessary for a particular application to be applied with the result that the chase-like structures have been frequently sprung or broken and elements and units associated therewith have been further distorted as to size and shape or otherwise rendered less suitable for subsequent use.

In my present invention I include a new system of procedure to follow inv fabricating for its final employment combinations of typographical structures, elements, members, etc., in association with type form assemblies as described which permits, but does not require, the referenced nal step (final lock-up with its resultant extreme pressure) to be dispensed with if desired. It allows the combination to be nally made suitable for the desired application by including therein means for adding to the combination when desired guard or intervening members which not only serve to retain the frame-like structure and the elements associated therewith in the proper relationship with respect to each other but also to maintain the preferred degrees of pressure throughout the combination-such as obtain when one chase-like structure is associated with another if a plurality be used; when a chase-like structure encompasses elements and members therein; also when one element is in contact with another associated element, etc. These pressures may be separate, distinct and different one from the other, as well as from the pressure of one unit of a type form assembly upon an associated unit thereof; also the relationship maintained between such type formassembly units may be entirely different from that maintained between the frame-like or chase-like structures and/or between such structure and the typographical equipment elements andmembers associated therewith. This is exemplified in machines which are intended to print satisfactorily at vone operation a letter head, a facsimile typewrtten body (through a ribbon) and a signature, all in different inkings, such as is the intent of those machines known to the trade as the Multicolor press, the Multipress, etc., hereinbefore referred to. In such machines it is customary for the units of Y the type form assembly comprising the letter head to be in effect locked together forming aV rigid assembly of units, the units of the type form assembly comprising the body to be in effect left unlocked forming a non-rigid somewhat loose assembly of units, and the units of the type form assembly comprising the signature to be in effect unified, that is to be made up inthe form of a plate so mounted on its block that the ribbon may pass under the plate and between the plate and its block. The referenced ribbon in such a fabrication usually passes between the letter head type form assembly and the facsimile typewriter face type form assembly through a specially shaped typographical equipment element, termed a division block, slotted practically the full width of the frame-like (chase-like) structure. With such a combination it has been found that the pressure required to properly retain elements and.

members of the typographical equipment, (including said division block), in proper position.

around the several type form assemblies has heretofore seriously distorted the elements and members especially the specially shaped element (division block) making adjustments difficult, causing a deficiency of necessary stability, and destroyin-g the intended parallelism. of the combinations to the extent that the sub-frame-like sections have possessed tapering instead of parallel opposite sides and have been otherwise untrue as to their desired angles. The same objectionable particulars have heretofore been manifest in those machines employing frame-like structures made of furniture-like typographical equipment (such as the adjustable chases known to the trade as Writerpress chases) and the degree of pressure heretofore required to retain elements and members in the desired positions has been found through experience to seriously damage the said adjustable (Writerpress) frame-like structure (chases). Steel, cast iron and similar chases have also been sprung or broken especially when clamping means such as wedge-like quoins have been improperly placed in the combination and but a moderate degree of pressure exerted thereby. Thus in the fabrication of such combinations not only has it been necessary to exercise heretofore great skill and care; but to assure by lateral contact the proper stability under conditions of use, has been a factor of equal importance and diicult to attain. Moreover such fabrications in many instances have been unsuccessful or un-Y reliable either by reason of cost of the preparations such as the time element involved, difficulty of adjustment, the inaccuracies and lack of sta'- bility under Varying conditions of use, or the results obtained from the employment of the combination for printing purposes.

In my invention, the typographical equipment structures, elements and members, when fabricated to dimension (and hold to such dimension) the associated type form assemblies even when employing (if desired) those arrangements heretofore considered not feasible (such as exemplied in Figure 5), need not be finally locked up in the customary manner so as to be held immovable through' the pressure exerted to obtain great lateral contact (which affects the type form assembly dimensioning characteristics) but instead may be'employed for short runs without great lateral contact and without the addition of guard or intervening members and employed for` long runs without change in lateral pressure and without affecting the dimensioning characteristics by merely including in oradding to the. combination where desired guard or intervening members as described. Type form assemblies may be shifted in their positions independently and registration facilitated by merely modifying the form, shape or size of the guard or intervening members where necessary. Unmodied guard or intervening members within the combination meanwhile will keep the structures, elements and members with which associated in their preferred positions.

It is to be understood that a guard or intervening member may be of any shape or size and may be associated in any manner with typographical equipment of any kind embodying means for utilizing the members. It may be I shaped having the bent portions at an angle to the main straight portion. If such an I shaped member is substituted for the two Z shaped members shown in Figure 8 as disposed between side members 2 and 3 of the two adjacent frame-like structures indicated, and the two frame-like structures are brought together, it will be seen that the end members l of each structure will be brought together also (assuming that end members l are adjustable corresponding to the adjustment heretofore shown as being practicable and as exemplified in thel adjustable nature of side members 2 and 3 shown in Figure 5).

Thus my invention includes the con-cept, methods, means and apparatus for removing the objections, overcoming inherent defects, facilitating the preparation of combinations for different and varying conditions of use, which have heretofore been impossible of attainment with respect to the employment of typographical equipment structures, elements and members in the art of printing. At the saine time it permits the utilization of and reliance to be placed upon such parts (structures, eiements and members) which mi otherwise be unt for use due to dimensional deiiciencies. Furthermore it reduces the chance of distortion, breakage and maladj'ustments heretofore common in the application of such typographical equipments for the purposes hereinbefore set forth. It reduces the cost of liabrication with an increase in and at no .sacrifice of accuracy and improves the character of the product (printing) obtainable in the use of the equipment described and referred to. Further novel features are pointed out in the appended claims.

While I have described my invention in certain of the preferred embodiments, I desire it to be understood that modifications may be made and iat no limitations on my invention are intended other than are imposed by the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. Typographical equipment comprised of a plurality of sections, two or more sections having opposed longitudinal recesses on opposite sides and intermediate between the edges thereof, an elongated bendable member disposable in part iengthwise in and substantially filling transversely the space formed by the longitudinal recesses of two sections in combination, additional aligning recesses in the ends of said sections set at an angle to said space adapted to accommodate portions of said elongated member when bent thereinto without said space, said sections in combination being separably movable to enlarge said space and to permit said elongated member to be removed from and replaced in said longitudinal aligning recesses without change of dimensional characteristic of said elongated member.

2. Typographical equipment, comprising chaselike, quoin-like and furniture-like elements arranged to maintain a plurality of type form assemblies in position, some of said elements having opposed recesses on opposite sides and intermediate between the edges thereof, said quoinlike elements being provided with longitudinal opposed recesses, elongated members disposed in the spaces formed by the recesses of two contacting elements and engaging recesses in at least two of said elements set at an angle to said space, a type form assembly held in position by a plurality 'of said elements, units of the type form assembly having recesses therein aligning with the recesses in said elements, an intervening member disposed in the aligning recesses of units of the type Iorm assembly, the ends of the said intervening member engaging a recess of an element of the typographical equipment.

3. Typographical equipment comprised of frame-like, quoin-like, and furniture-like elements, the elements having aligning recesses on a plurality of sides thereof, an elongated member disposed in adjacent recesses of two of said e z ments inv contact, the elongated member protr ing beyond the end of said adjacent recesses and bent to an angle to engage recesses in said elements additional to said adjacent recesses.

4^. In combination, typographical equipment comprising a chase having an aligning recess on its inner sides, furniture elements disposed therein having opposed recesses on opposite sides thereof aligning with the recesses in said chase, a type form assembly between said furniture-like elements, the units of the type form having recesses therein which in combination align with the recesses in said chase and said furniturelike elements, said furniture-like elements and said type form assembly maintained in position by quoin-like members having corresponding aligning recesses in sections thereof, elongated members disposed in the recesses in said chase, furniture-like elements and quoin-like members, said elongated members interlocking the quoin like members and furniture-like elements together with respect to said chase to form a rigid combination about the type form assembly, an

intervening member engaging the recesses in units of the type form assembly and limiting the movement of the units to a predetermined degree, the ends of said intervening member resting in recesses of the furniture-like elements adjacent to the type form assembly.

5. A combination of typographical equipment comprised of sectionalizing elements associated to form one or more frame-like structures each structure adapted to hold a type form assembly, the inner sides of the elementsformingsaidframelike structure being recessed to hold rod-like tervening members disposed within and extending beyond the type form assembly therewithin the said inner-side recesses being open at the top, the opposite sides of the elements forming said frame-like structure being recessed in like manner, the ends of said elements containing recesses aligning with the recesses in the inner and opposite sides thereof, the recesses at the ends of said elements being closed at the top, an elongated member disposable in the recesses in said opposite sides of said elements and shaped to engage the recesses in the ends of said elements.

6. Typographical equipment comprising bi-part elements adapted to be associated together to form an element having parallel opposite faces having longitudinal aligning recesses in contacting faces of each bi-part element extending the length thereof forming a space therebetween containing an elongated member of greater length than that of the longitudinal aligning recesses, the ends of the elongated member protruding beyond the longitudinal recesses, said protruding ends being deformed to a degree precluding the acceptance of the deformed ends by the longitudinal recess of one bi-part element and the adjacent aligning recess of the other bi-part element forming part of said open space, the elongated member comprising means for preventing end- Wise movement of one bi-part member with respect to the other in only one direction.

7. The method of regulating the spacing and locking of typographical equipment includieg a plurality of pairs of Wedge-like members each pair having opposed lateral juxtaposed surfaces having recesses therein, which method comprises moving the wedge-like members toward and laterally of each other until their wedge-like surfaces are juxtaposed, and locking the wedge-like members from longitudinal displacement by inserting a rod-like member in the recesses therebetween with its opposite ends extending beyond the oposite ends of said pair of members and deforming the projecting ends of said rod-like member into contact with at least one end of each of said pair of wedge-like members.

8. The method of fabricating sectional typographical equipment which method comprises employing sections having aligning longitudinal recesses in and the length of opposed surfaces; juxtaposing a plurality of said sections so that such surfaces are in contact and adjacent aligning recesses produce open spaces between such contacting surfaces, said open spaces adapted to receive a part of elongated rod-like elements meshing adjacent aligning recesses; concaten- ,ating the plurality of said sections by inserting in each of the respective said open spaces therebetween at least one of said elongated rod-like elements progressively limiting the transverse movement of said sections with respect to any one of said sections; deforming the ends of the elongated member protruding from the open space between two juxtaposed sections having recesses of less length than said elongated member to preclude the entrance of said deformed ends into said open space and the movement of at least one of said juxtaposed sections lengthwise of said elongated member beyond a deformed end thereof.

9. Typographical equipment comprising framelike structures, pressure-producing devices', furniture-like elements, bar-like units, and other like articles, in combination with at least one type form assembly and with an elongated member, said articles situating said type form assembly in position, aligning recesses on the sides and intermediate between the edges of a plurality of said articles, said recesses on contacting sides of juxtaposed said articles forming at least one longitudinal opening therebetween, said longitudinal opening being dimensioned to receive said elongated member substantially lling though loosely tting in said longitudinal opening, said elongated member having locking portions at the ends thereof, said locking portions impinging on said juxtaposed articles extraneously of said longitudinal opening.

10. Typographical equipment comprising two sections, each section having a side thereof at an acute angle to opposing face, said two sections adapted to be associated together to form typographical equipment having parallel opposite faces, and means comprising a bent wire-like member a part of which lies between said two sections and the ends of which lie outside of said sections and engage respectively each of the two sections individually between said side and said face thereof at opposite ends of said typographical equipment for preventing a unilateral endwise movement of one section with respect to the other in one direction but permitting end-Wise movement of one section with respect to the other in the opposite direction.

JAMES EDWARD PARKER. 

